Lower A/R = favors pressure ratio, at the expense of max flow.
Higher A/R = favors flow, at the expense of pressure ratio.
Lower A/R kinda rotates the map counterclockwise around its center. Raising A/R kinda rotates it clockwise...to use a simplistic view.
As Nick said, the gassers rarely need that much pressure ratio, so big covers are the rage there on those big 101s and 106s and 114s (!). Those guys are moving hellatious amounts of air...makes our stuff look weedwacker-ish.
However with diesels it's more of a balancing act depending on how you're setting up how you want the engine to run.
Hope that makes sense.
Other things you may or may not see on a "race" cover (depending on who's philosophy you subscribe to) is the bellmouthing of the inducer bore and or deletion of the map width enhancement groove.