I think hot rod farmers and over the road truck owners started this whole diesel horsepower thing by putting injectors from very large engines into smaller engines.
My understanding is 150hp injectors add 150 additional horsepower but certain computer limitations have to be disabled. On a VP44 injected combo, the MAP sensor tells the computer when the boost pressure reaches the power limiting point, then the computer tells the injector pump to start reducing fueling to the design spec.
The addition of a boost fooler keeps the computer from knowing when the boost pressure limitation has been reached and the pump continues to send max fuel to the injectors....a power consideration only with stock injectors.
Bigger injectors w/boost fooler allow the VP44 injector pump to pump up to the actual capacity of that particular VP44 injector pump.
To reach the capacity of the injectors, the injector pump has to be "told" to pump beyond the fueling design parameters in the computer by a power module, which a VP44 does a very good job handling if it's well supported with lots of cooling fuel and additives that lubricate the VP44.
The lift pump has to flow enough fuel to maintain no less than 10 psi under full throttle conditions.
My very poor understanding of the Common Rail system is...the right power module can get you monster power with stock injectors and if greed sets in, bigger injectors can get you more power if you support it with a bigger or even dual turbochargers...all help gratefully accepted.
More fuel turns the turbos harder to make more air which lets you add even more fuel which spins the turbo even more....kinda like a puppy dog chasin' his tail.