Let's Talk Duration vs. High Flow Rate

CumminsBeast

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During some tuning experiments the other day, I noticed a couple things about EGTs and injection duration. I started out thinking I couldn't heat up too much with my setup because of my small sticks (25hp) and stock CP3, but I was proven wrong when I turned up my Smarty. I thought I had enough turbo to handle any cooling issues (64/71/14), but found that I can hit 1400 degrees with Smarty only on SW7. This sparked some thought...

So we all know it takes fuel volume to make horsepower. The two ways to pump fuel volume into the cylinder during one stroke of the piston is 1)pressure 2) duration, and 3) flow rate (bigger sticks). For the purposes of this discussion, lets assume you have an adequate injector pump, and have the capability to tune in the max rail pressure a normal common rail injector can stand without exploding (~27,000 psi, safely...I know, this can be argued). Now, we're left with two ways to get fuel into the cylinder; duration and flow rate.

Bigger is always better, so the bigger the injector, your guaranteed a higher flow rate to achieve the volume needed for a specific horsepower goal (lets also assume we have adequate airflow for the desired horsepower). This means the duration can be short (smaller amount of "programming"), and alot of volume is injected in a very short time. If you have a smaller injector though, you'll need to turn up the duration to get the same volume during one stroke. However, there is a limit to the length of time you can spray fuel, and the longer the fuel spray lasts, the less opportunity you have for the fuel to get burned. By using less duration with the bigger sticks, you'll leave more time for the fuel that was injected at the beggining of the stroke to be burned.

I was convinced before that my small sticks would yield lower egts; now I'm thinking bigger sticks will get me lower egts....at least in my case. I know there are certain scenarios where that will become false. I think the duration is killing me basically, and I think this is the trouble alot of people get into and I thought I would try and explain this a bit here.

These are my thoughts from a mechanical engineer's perspective. Anyone who has experienced either excessive EGTs with seemingly not much fueling mods and a big turbo, or anyone who's EGTs went down with bigger sticks and less programming, please comment here. I would like to hear some other experiences/perspectives on the issue. Or maybe just some objections to my explanation above.:rockwoot:
 
was that with revo sw 7 or tnt sw7? Personally, i wouldn't mind those temps but i too would of figure that turbo would cool a tad better. I can peg my egt's with my 90hp sticks in a hurry.
 
Ok I got this to throw in...my truck with a Haisley- Street/puller cam, Pro52 holset, TST-r39 (no rail pressure or timing control) double feed port fuel rail stock sticks and a stock cp3 ran hot (1600+ degrees) I modded the pump my self and gradually added fuel in stages - the more fuel the pump pushed the lower the egts then I upgraded to 90hp EH sticks backed the TST down and picked up cooler hp...so this theory does hold true and I have to agree with CumminsBeast
 
I believe the theory to be sound. Just remember that EGT's are not the same as cylinder temps. If you move the combustion to earlier in the stroke, with everything else being equal, cylinder temps will go up, and EGT's will go down. This is a great generalization, but in principle it is true. Pistons can melt when advancing the timing, even though the EGT's may not have gone up. EGT's are important to turbo's, cylinder temps and pressures are important to pistons.

Paul
 
During some tuning experiments the other day, I noticed a couple things about EGTs and injection duration. I started out thinking I couldn't heat up too much with my setup because of my small sticks (25hp) and stock CP3, but I was proven wrong when I turned up my Smarty. I thought I had enough turbo to handle any cooling issues (64/71/14), but found that I can hit 1400 degrees with Smarty only on SW7. This sparked some thought...

So we all know it takes fuel volume to make horsepower. The two ways to pump fuel volume into the cylinder during one stroke of the piston is 1)pressure 2) duration, and 3) flow rate (bigger sticks). For the purposes of this discussion, lets assume you have an adequate injector pump, and have the capability to tune in the max rail pressure a normal common rail injector can stand without exploding (~27,000 psi, safely...I know, this can be argued). Now, we're left with two ways to get fuel into the cylinder; duration and flow rate.

Bigger is always better, so the bigger the injector, your guaranteed a higher flow rate to achieve the volume needed for a specific horsepower goal (lets also assume we have adequate airflow for the desired horsepower). This means the duration can be short (smaller amount of "programming"), and alot of volume is injected in a very short time. If you have a smaller injector though, you'll need to turn up the duration to get the same volume during one stroke. However, there is a limit to the length of time you can spray fuel, and the longer the fuel spray lasts, the less opportunity you have for the fuel to get burned. By using less duration with the bigger sticks, you'll leave more time for the fuel that was injected at the beggining of the stroke to be burned.

I was convinced before that my small sticks would yield lower egts; now I'm thinking bigger sticks will get me lower egts....at least in my case. I know there are certain scenarios where that will become false. I think the duration is killing me basically, and I think this is the trouble alot of people get into and I thought I would try and explain this a bit here.

These are my thoughts from a mechanical engineer's perspective. Anyone who has experienced either excessive EGTs with seemingly not much fueling mods and a big turbo, or anyone who's EGTs went down with bigger sticks and less programming, please comment here. I would like to hear some other experiences/perspectives on the issue. Or maybe just some objections to my explanation above.:rockwoot:



Good thinking here.

nozzles too big = inadequate fill rate.
04.5's and up have 3 injection events per cycle
03-04's have 2
At high RPM, more time to fill the early injectors with only 2 events.

There's your limit on nozzle size.
 
Good thinking here.

nozzles too big = inadequate fill rate.
04.5's and up have 3 injection events per cycle
03-04's have 2
At high RPM, more time to fill the early injectors with only 2 events.

There's your limit on nozzle size.

Hmmm...good point
 
was that with revo sw 7 or tnt sw7? Personally, i wouldn't mind those temps but i too would of figure that turbo would cool a tad better. I can peg my egt's with my 90hp sticks in a hurry.

That was TNT SW7. I wasn't spraying any water/meth at the time..I've not gotten that all wired in yet. I expected to not be able to heat above 1250 - 1300 with the fueling I have. That switch makes it pull like he11 though.
 
I believe the theory to be sound. Just remember that EGT's are not the same as cylinder temps. If you move the combustion to earlier in the stroke, with everything else being equal, cylinder temps will go up, and EGT's will go down. This is a great generalization, but in principle it is true. Pistons can melt when advancing the timing, even though the EGT's may not have gone up. EGT's are important to turbo's, cylinder temps and pressures are important to pistons.

Paul

Good point. I tend to assume cylinder temps are good if EGTs are good, and thats a bad habit to get into. I find myself obsessing over my guages.:bang
 
is it possible to roughly figure what the cyl temps are compared to egt?


are the egts you all are referring to is that before the turbo or after the turbo?


would there be a good way to get a guess of what size injectors off your high egts? as in to get them to be cooler without raising cyl temps too far?


sorry for the probably off the wall questions but it has kinda interested me as if there is a way to get some ideas from this as to how to mod your vehicles.
 
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