With an auto trans, since I highly doubt I would find a 4 speed.
You will never find a turbo 300D in a 4-speed because they don't exist.
Non-turbos are extremely slow and built much weaker.
The non-turbo and turbo 300D engines look similar on the outside but are actually completely different engines.
Which engine and is it any good besides good mileage?
OM617.952, simple and reliable but $$$ to get good power out of.
Get an 87300D or 87 190D 2.5T instead. The OM617 is a design founded in the 1950's while the 86+ diesels were clean-sheet designed and much more efficient.
do a timing chain or two in that time.
Unnecessary. The chain will last the life of the engine if normal maintenance is taken care of. The chain is never what fails, its caused by failure of either the tensioner or guide rails allowing slack in the chain.
However, the chain should still be inspected every valve adjustment.
ForcedInduction's 1982 300D - Mercedes Forum - Mercedes Benz Enthusiast Forums
Gutless and worthless. You will spend more than the car cost just to get the same power as a stock 300D and it will be nowhere near as reliable.
Which injection pump is needed to make some power? I'm talking only 250-300hp at the most.
M-pump from a European gray-market import modified by Myna. The MW pump used on USA models is a clunky truck pump while the M was designed for automotive engines.
300hp is not possible without custom rods. The stock internals are not strong enough to sustain that power.
Step up to the later 96 to 99 e300 turbo diesel. They have a lot more potential, and are getting very cheap nowadays. Much better car imho.
Clearly you have never owned any.
95-97 are non-turbo and can't make power reliably without custom rods and pistons or a gut/engine swap with a 98-99 engine.
98-99 are electronic which makes the car drastically more expensive and difficult to get power from.
The only practical way to get power from a 98-99 is to swap the engine into something else and use a mechanical pump.