95' Junker Drag Truck

Next I welded up the crank gear to make sure it wouldn't try to shear the pin and rotate a few degrees like it did last time. There are (4) somewhat evenly spaced welds. I didn't use filler rod, simply melted the gear and crank together. It probably won't take much to keep the gear stationary.

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Obviously the flux core mig has been replaced. cant wait to see this thing running again.
 
Minor setback on one exhaust valve, it looks like the tip of the valve stem is separating. I had a spare stock valve so it just took a few extra minutes to grind, lap, and back cut a replacement used valve.

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All (6) exhaust valves have a faint line in this area which leads me to believe the tip is a friction welded insert, probably hardened specifically for the rocker tip to wear against.
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I've always used single valve springs in the past which are compatible with simple cheap valve spring compressor tools. To compress the dual valve spring setup, I opted to spend $45 and get the nice Tork Tek valve spring compressor tool. The model 030 designed for Haisley Machine locks and retainer worked perfectly for the Hamilton Cams dual valve spring setup. It's a complete tool setup that includes the allen wrench, all that's required to use this valve spring compressor is a common 15mm wrench or socket.

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The first step is to install the Manley valve stem seals, these fit nice and snug and I used a 12mm 6 point socket as a driver to squarely install the seals.

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The dual valve springs sit flush and the Tork Tek tool fits nicely between the springs.

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Then the retainers are placed on top of the valve springs and the rest of the tool is installed over the stud and threaded down to compress the valve springs and install the locks.

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These went pretty fast doing them two at a time, about 20 minutes later and all 12 valves were finished:

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Next I cleaned up the head casting and rust at the the small coolant freeze plugs. It needed a good clean surface for the JB Weld to have good adhesion. This is a small bit of added protection to keep the freeze plugs from blowing out during a hard run down the drag strip.

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Finally I moved back to the engine block to work on the piston ring gaps. I decided to install new rings in the motor. During tear down, I saved the original pistons and rings so I could measure the old clearance. I was surprised to find the old rings had about .025" - 0.26" end gap on the top ring and .018"-.020" on the second cast ring because it had very little blowby, especially for a motor with 240K+ miles. A couple of the cylinders showed signs of scoring from the rings growing too much and butting, so on this motor, I've decided to open up the ring gaps a little more since I plan to push this motor harder than the 700HP level previously attained on the stock motor. I'm also mindful that the non-intercooled pistons I plan to use have a lower top ring groove so it should shield the rings better from the high combustion temperatures. (I might be able to get by with 0.026-0.027" but better safe than sorry.)

I plan to open up the top ring gap to 0.030". The new stock rings are showing 0.021"-0.022" end gap so it wont take much to get the new rings where they need to be. I plan to run the second/lower cast rings at 0.024" end gap.

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The Tork Tek valve spring compressor was by far my best investment for my truck. Sure made life easy.

I also like the idea of the JB weld on the freeze plugs on the head.
 
Got a part # for the Manley seals? Any reason you used them over Cummins?

Post 1433 two pages back has all the information on the Manley seals, why they were used, and what they cost. They are not a direct drop-in, the valve stem boss has to be cut down to use the Manley seals.
 
After quickly putting together a home-made ring gap/grinding tool, it took roughly 45 minutes to gap the rings on all 6 cylinders.

The homemade tool consisted of a mandrel and 3" cut-off wheel chucked up in the mini lathe, and a piece of 3/4" plywood bolted to the tool post stud. Simple to use, simple to build, and cost me nothing whereas a one-time use ring grinding tool is roughly $50-75. It was nice using the lathe's variable speed to dial-in the cutting wheel and create a nice smooth finish on the butt joint in the rings.

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I used an old piston with (1) ring installed in the lower groove as a guide to squarely push the new rings down into the bore for a measuring end gaps.

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After finishing the rings, I moved on to the final rod & piston assembly. Because this motor build has taken so long, I've had extra time to save up and buy a set of upgraded rod bolts. These ARP L19 bolts run roughly $150 per set. With the upgraded bolts, the weakest link will now be the factory rods which will be fine till 1000+ HP in this motor setup.

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I did a dry install of the bearings and upgraded rod bolts so I could match the pistons, piston pins, rods w/bearings, and rings in matched sets to get the overall motor assemblies within 2 grams. It's fairly straight forward, if you have a piston that's a little heavier, pair it up with a piston pin that's a little lighter, etc. I had previously balanced the rods to within 1 gram.

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Side by side with the factory rod bolt:
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The stock rod bolt shank measures 0.354" whereas the ARP measures 0.394".
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Here's a snapshot of the piston ring positioning with gaps set 120* apart according to the FSM:
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Here's the ring end-gap specification, I'm roughly 10% over the factory max spec.
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After positioning the rings, I used a standard cheap valve spring compressor tool to slip the pistons/rods into the motor, pretty basic setup with new bearings and a little bit of assembly lube:
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I used the supplied ARP Ultra Torque lube on the rod bolts and torqued them 30, 45, 90, then 95 ft-lbs:
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Next I moved on to more block modifications. There is a large coolant freeze plug located on the front of the block under the fan housing. To prevent leakage or a blowout on this plug, I added JB Weld to the cleaned and prepped block surface. There is also a small oil galley plug on the front of the motor that needs to be addressed. The oil galley plugs are usually fine with stock oil pressure setups, I plan to raise the oil pressure on this motor to better lubricate the bearings and wear points that will be subjected to higher than OE max design loads. I first peened the edges of the galley plug with a spring loaded center punch, then I added a bead of JB Weld. Many of the big HP Cummins engine builders will remove these plugs and replace them with threaded plugs.

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There is a second oil galley plug on the driver's side of the block beneath the tappet cover, this plug also needs to be addressed: peened and JB Weld were added to this plug. Also, there are coolant freeze plugs under the tappet cover, these were cleaned up and a bead of JB Weld was added to them.

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And finally, there is a 3rd oil galley plug at the back of the block just above the rear cam bore plug. This plug needs to be addressed for those planning to elevate the oil pressure above stock levels. There is also a large coolant freeze plug covered up by the engine stand, this freeze plug was JB Welded in-frame as a precaution before the engine build. It should be addressed to reduce the risk of a blown freeze plug from high coolant pressure on a race motor.

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Close-up of the rear oil galley plug:
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Next it was time to upgrade the camshaft and the tappets. Stock 12 valve tappets are smaller than 24v or Common Rail tappets and work fine for stock cams with the cheap marine 60# valve spring upgrade. The stock cam and tappets from this motor were in great shape, especially for having 245K miles with 5k miles of hard racing abuse just prior to the tear down.

I need to upgrade the tappets to handle the higher spring load, higher rpm usage, and higher lift profile of the new camshaft. Common rail tappets are the biggest, but they are too big for camshafts with the stock lift pump lobe. I plan to continue to use a stock lift pump at this time so 24v tappets are the largest option that will not interfere with the lift pump lobe.

Right in-line with the Junker theme, a used set of (12) 24v tappets were purchased from Ebay for less than $20. To prepare these tappets for the new camshaft, they needed to be resurfaced:
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Stock 24v on left, stock 12v tappet on the right:
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To resurface the stock used 24v tappets, I used a piece of glass with 500 grit sand paper as a lapping block and added a little motor oil to keep things moving freely.

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Used tappet on left, resurfaced tappet on the right:
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After about 30 minutes, the whole set of (12) was finished:
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The resurfaced tappets ended up with a decent surface finish ready for final break-in on a new cam.
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The decision to upgrade the camshaft was difficult. From a pure Junker standpoint of Horsepower gain per dollar spent, it's difficult to justify a camshaft upgrade. However, from a longevity standpoint, the stock cast camshafts are not known to hold up well in 1000+HP trucks subject to severe use such as drag racing, sled pulling, burnout competitions, etc. A broken camshaft could cause a total engine failure so it had to be upgraded for peace of mind. Once again, one advantage of taking over 1 year on an engine build allows the parts fund allowance to build up to where even the cheap Junker gets a nice camshaft.

Zach over at Hamilton Cams worked out a deal with me on an older design billet steel cam with the 188-220 107LSA profile. It's not the latest and greatest top contender camshaft they offer, but when you're shopping for a bargain, sometimes you sacrifice a couple of HP to get a great price on something out of the discount bin. This is a drop-in cam on most stock motors however, it is close enough that the clearances should be checked. Zach also supplied an offset key to retard the cam a couple of degrees if needed for clearance. I also purchased a bolt-on retainer to make sure the cam gear stays seated. (walking cam gear is what caused the whole rebuild process to begin with!)

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Nice wide lobes on the steel cam:
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I was under the impression bushings were needed in all cam bores with billet cams
 
Were you able to maintain the crown on the tappets after resurfacing them?


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Yes, very little material is removed when resurfacing, it's a lot like de-glaze honing a cylinder. The factory crown is very slight to begin with so it's easy to slightly rock the tappet while making figure 8 lapping strokes to resurface the entire face.
 
I was under the impression bushings were needed in all cam bores with billet cams

The term "needed" is dependent on multiple factors, including planned usage for the motor, oil pressure, oil type and additives, etc.

I don't think I'd try it on a daily driver, multiple cold start, extended oil change intervals, 250k mile never looked at again type motor build.

For my infrequent use as a race truck, with fresh oil, zinc additives, elevated oil pressure, etc, I don't see the steel cam being an issue.

Also note, there are several trucks out there running billet steel cams without additional cam bushings. This motor will be yet another example of steel cam on the stock block casting.
 
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The term "needed" is dependent on multiple factors, including planned usage for the motor, oil pressure, oil type and additives, etc.

I don't think I'd try it on a daily driver, multiple cold start, extended oil change intervals, 250k mile never looked at again type motor build.

For my infrequent use as a race truck, with fresh oil, zinc additives, elevated oil pressure, etc, I don't see the steel cam being an issue.

Also note, there are several trucks out there running billet steel cams without additional cam bushings. This motor will be yet another example of steel cam on the stock block casting.

That is great to hear. I like the budget theme here, do you have plans to change the turbos after some baseline runs.
 
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