Originally Posted by my Bosch book (ISBN-3-934584-68-3) said:
The delivery valve is fitted between the plunger-and-barrel assembly and the high pressure delivery line. Its purpose is to isolate the high pressure delivery line from the plunger-and-barrel assembly. It also reduces the pressure in the high-pressure delivery line and nozzle chamber following fuel injection to set static pressure. Pressure reduction causes rapid and precise closure of the nozzle and prevents undesirable fuel dribble into the combustion chamber.
Basically the valve has two purposes: 1) to isolate the plunger and barrel from the fuel line and 2)to put a clean end to the fuel delivery.
The valves are opened based on the pressure in the plunger cavity and closed by the force of the spring above the delivery valve.
The shoulder is what retracts the fuel from the injection line. Changing the shoulder length has a direct effect on how much fuel is removed from the line and how far the valve needs to travel before fuel can flow around it.
In the case of laser or full cuts there is no shoulder to retract fuel on the delivery valve is often unable to do its job effectively. Because of this laser cuts often have poor end of injection characteristics and allow fuel to dribble into the cylinder long after the injection event should have taken place. This process leads to the smoke and heat associated with laser cuts.
Changing the other characteristics of the valves changes how well the fuel will flow around the valve and help to provide a smooth flow of fuel to the injector.