The spiders are welded to the case on the large opening side, the side gears are tucked up into the carrier too tight to really put a bead in there. On the smaller opening side, i didn't have enough room to get the spiders welded to the carrier so they are just welded to the 5/8" thick central rectangle.
I was able to get much more penetration and heat this time around. I know the pictures make it look horrible but there actually are some good beads down below the rats nest puddle welds on top. I beveled the 5/8" thick rectangle and used my die grinder to make it fit snugly into both the side gears and spider gears. As long as a whole side gear doesn't break, I feel much better about the weld job this time around. I reinforced the side gears with a good bead down at the root of each tooth to help create an even interface for the 5/8" thick rectangle so I could get a consistent weld bead.
Last time I welded the whole thing and not once did the 20 amp dedicated circuit flip or did the machine temp-override kick on. This time around, I adjusted stick-out by grinding back the feed nozzle shroud, I also spent ten minutes making a solid ground clamp location with the addition of a C-clamp to help pinch the ground clamp tighter.
This time around I could actually see the gears and rectangle piece melting together and I was able to maintain a good puddle. I also tipped the carrier so I could weld slightly uphill, this helped keep the arc at the leading edge of the puddle and definitely helped with penetration.
I actually had a breaker issues and flipped the 20a circuit probably 10 times during the weld project so I know the minor changes really helped increase the amperage, heat, and penetration. I also kicked temp-override 3-4 times and had to let the machine cool down, I've burned through 4-5 lbs of wire since i've owned this machine and never once has the breaker flipped or the temp-override tripped.
I am at best an amateur, green, inexperienced welder but I can assure you, this time it got a much, much better weld down deep where it counts.